Meyers is the inventor or coinventor of a number of broadly used engineering processes, and has managed projects in nearly every facet of the petroleum refining industry. Api updates fire prevention and safety recommended practice for. Refinery reciprocating compressor solutions for refineries. Due to its scope, it should contain only subcategories. Refineries definition of refineries by the free dictionary.
Some refinery workers also wore protective clothing such as pants, aprons, gloves, and shoe covers that were. Api refining standards and publications since 1924, api has been a cornerstone in establishing, maintaining and publishing standards and recommended practices for the oil and natural gas industry. Science combined with an infrastructure of pipelines, refineries, and transportation systems enables crude oil to be transformed into useful and affordable products. It outlines fire protection and detection, extinguishing systems and. This section shall apply to processes within petroleum refineries. Lighter crudes contain higher proportions of s mall molecules, which the.
For some countries, the refinery list is further categorized statebystate. The majority of those refineries installed the api separators using the original design based on the. Occasionally refinery and petrochemical purchasers will reference the more stringent testing requirements of 6d although the valve may have built under api 600, 602, 608 or 609 design criteria. This 1oth edition recommended practice builds on experience gained over seven decades.
Practical, valuable features are built into the technology, which is based on recognized and generally accepted good engineering practices. Apis fire protection in refineries, first edition, appeared in 1933 as the beginning of fire safety guidance series for the downstream segment. Now you can learn more about the technology involved in refining crude oil into the thousands of petroleumbased. Gas journal also publishes a worldwide list of refineries annually in a countrybycountry tabulation that includes for each refinery. Refineries shuttering operations as covid19 hits demand.
Model risk management plan guidance for petroleum refineries guidance in complying with epas rmp rule 40 code of federal. Petroleum refinery activities start with receipt of. The american petroleum institute api is the only national trade association that represents all aspects of americas oil and natural gas industry. The api data book, copublished and updated annually by the american petroleum institute and epcon, is the source for the latest, most accurate technical data, methods, and standards on petroleum. Read, highlight, and take notes, across web, tablet, and phone. Crude oil is composed of thousands of different chemical compounds called hydrocarbons, all with different boiling points. Prevent leaks into your secondary containment or to groundwater if you do not have a secondary containment system establish a baseline of tank condition and corrosion rates identify problems to perform repairs before you have a significant leak or release maintain your capital asset minimize chance of catastrophic tank failure. The first edition was published in december of 2003, and the latest third edition was. Api 6d is the primary standard for valves used in pipeline service, including gate, plug, ball and check valves. The text also provides a detailed introduction to refinery engineering topics, ranging from the basic principles and unit operations to overall refinery economics. South africas engen refinery said late last week it had opted for a temporary controlled shutdown, noting that the lower demand it is already experiencing is resulting in its inventory building up fast. Energy information administration eia publishes information and data on the capacity by type, ownership, and location of individual u. Process safety management for petroleum refineries.
Api provides the public with online access to nearly 200 key industry standards. This section contains requirements for petroleum refineries to reduce the risk of major incidents and eliminate or minimize process safety hazards to which employees may be exposed. Numerous and frequentlyupdated resource results are available from this search. Api rbi software, created by petroleum refinery and chemical plant owner users for ownerusers, finds its basis in api publication 581, base resource documentriskbased inspection. In the case study, 100,000 bpd crude oil, with an api of 26, is introduced to a. A petroleum refining study starts with describing its feedstock, the crude oil and the. Oclcs webjunction has pulled together information and resources to assist library staff as they consider how to handle coronavirus. This document covers basic concepts of refinery fire prevention and protection. Implementation of the concepts within this document by corporate and field personnel will make their facilities safer for their workforce and neighbors. Refinery configurations vary, but us refineries are undeniably some of the worlds most sophisticated. Our more than 600 corporate members, from the largest major oil company to the smallest of independents, come from all segments of the industry. Pretreatment of heavy crude oils for refining intechopen. Petroleum refining, conversion of crude oil into useful products, including fuel oils, gasoline petrol, asphalt, and kerosene. Supplements api 510 by providing pressure vessel inspectors with.
The purpose of this recommended practice is to provide a better understanding of refinery fire protection and the steps needed to promote the safe storage. Read the standards, check the referenced methods, and run computations based on these methods. Api rp 520 sizing, selection, and installation of pressurerelieving devices in refineriespart iiinstallation american petroleum institute download bok. Economical and optimum design and operation of refinery units and. Api members are committed to protecting the environment and the health and safety of all that share it. Petroleum refineries and coke calciners reporting guidance. Recommended practice for classification of locations for. Foreword api recommended practice 520, sizing, selection, and installation of pressurerelieving devices in reneries, is the result of several years work by sizing, selection, and installation of pressurerelieving devices in refineries part 1 sizing and selection. These standards cover all aspects of the oil and gas industry, including refinery and chemical plant operations and equipment, offshore drilling, hydraulic fracturing and well construction, and public awareness programs. A refinerys processing flow scheme is largely determined by the composition of the crude oil feedstock and the chosen slate of petroleum products. The petroleum refining industry employs a wide variety of processes. The api data book is the only official api standard that is a fully interactive software program. Api std 530 calculation of heatertube thickness in.
Api rp 571 damage mechanisms affecting fixed equipment. Meyers was manager of chemical process technology at trw and is now president of ramtech limited. The institute of petroleum meet your next favorite book. This code of practice contains guidelines on fire precautions in oil refineries and bulk storage installations having an aggregate capacity exceeding 10,000 cubic metres. Equipment design handbook for refineries and chemical plants. Rp 2001, fire protection in refineries, includes important revisions on hazard analysis, new ways to improve the design of refineries to help. A catalog of api publications and materials is published annually by api, 1220 l street, nw, washington, dc 20005. Api rp 571, damage mechanisms affecting fixed equipment in the refining industry, third edition, is a recommended practice developed and published by the american petroleum institute api that provides an indepth look at over 60 different damage mechanisms that can occur to process equipment in refineries.
Energy mapping system select the map layer for petroleum refineries with the layerslegends drop down at the upper right corner of the map. Api gravity, weighted average refinery crude oil input qualities. Burckhardt compression is one of the global market leaders in the field of reciprocating compressors and the only manufacturer that covers a complete range of reciprocating compressor technologies. Api rp 2001, fire protection in refineries, is consistent with chevrons approach, which gives considerable attention to fire prevention practices and is not just about fire extinguishment. These factories process heavy crude oil into a variety of petroleum products including gasoline, heating oil, diesel fuel and kerosene.
Learn more about petroleum refining, including its history and the various processes used to create the different products. Api gravity a measure of density and sulfur content. Crude oil at a glance refineries exist to convert crude oil into finished petroleum products. Low api gravity, high amounts of impurities, and high viscosity are the major. Petroleum refining and the prod uction of ulsg and ulsd october 24, 2011 page 3 3. Estimation of physical properties and composition of hydrocarbon. Hence, to understand the fundamentals of petroleum refining, one must begin with crude oil. Just as our cars have modernized, so have our fuels and the refineries that produce it. An overview of heavy oil properties and its recovery and transportation methods 573 brazilian journal of chemical engineering vol. Api updates fire prevention and safety recommended.
The example refinery flow scheme presented in figure 5. Api gravity weighted average of crude oil input to. Apis safety activities and programs support this commitment through research, standards development, training, information. Active and passive fire protection api rp 2001, fire protection in refineries api 2021, management of atmospheric storage tanks api 2510a, fire protection considerations for the design and operation of liquefied petroleum gas lpg storage facilities api 2030, application of fixed water spray systems. Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from wikipedia or other free sources online. Petroleum refining waterwastewater management save texas water. Geo is a set of free interactive databases and tools built collaboratively by people like you. Us refineries process about 17 million barrels of crude oil a day.
Sizing, selection, and installation of pressurerelieving devices in refineries is an example of a ragagep often used in petroleum refineries. Statement of problem and substantiation for public input. Phae1 phas performed in accordance with the requirements of ccr title 8, section 5189 shall satisfy the initial pha requirements of this section. Wikimedia commons has media related to oil refineries by country. List of oil refineries, cooling tower, oil refinery, floating production storage and offloading, infrared open path detector, visbreaker, oil campaign targets of world war ii, api oilwater separator, delayed coker, vaporliquid separator. This category has the following 46 subcategories, out of 46 total. Reliable information about the coronavirus covid19 is available from the world health organization current situation, international travel. Crude oil refineries employ some of the united states top scientists, engineers, and safety professionals to ensure that products are produced efficiently and safely. Api 520 covers appropriate relief system size calculations based on process parameters such as flow rate and pressure. The api refining program promotes and develops safe and proven engineering practices in the design, fabrication, installation, inspection and use of materials and equipment in refineries and related processing facilities. Asbestos was used to insulate many pipes, pipelines, and equipment that operated at high temperatures.
Dmrk2 if the employer has conducted and documented a dmr for a process unit up to five 5 years prior to the effective date of this. Api rp 520 sizing, selection, and installation of pressure. Instantly download api std 530 calculation of heatertube thickness in petroleum refineries, seventh edition. Fundamentals of petroleum refining presents the fundamentals of thermodynamics and kinetics, and it explains the scientific background essential for understanding refinery operations. List of oil refineries wikipedia republished wiki 2. An api oilwater separator is a device designed to separate gross amounts of oil and. American society of mechanical engineers, three park avenue, new york, ny 100165990.
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